6. Methods
Objectives:
To understand how
parameters are passed
into methods and how
values are returned
from methods
To understand the
difference between
instance methods and
static methods
To introduce the
concept of static
variables; the scope of
variables
To be able to program
recursive methods
Method Parameters
public class
BankAccount
{ …public void deposit
(double amount)
{ …
}
...
}
This method has two
formal parameters:
implicit parameter this;
explicit parameter
amount
myChecking.deposit
(allowance-200);
this = myChecking;
amount = allowance –
200;
Parameters
The parameter amount
is called an explicit
parameter because it
is explicitly named in
the method definition.
The parameter this
(the bank account
reference) is called an
implicit parameter
because it is not
explicit in the method
definition.
When you call a
method, you supply the
value for the implicit
parameter before the
method name,
separated by a dot (.),
and you supply the
values for the explicit
parameters inside
parentheses after the
method name:
implicitParameter.
methodName
(explicitParameter);
myChecking.deposit
(allowance - 200);
This method Call,
supply two actual
parameters or
arguments.
The object reference
stored in the variable
myChecking.
The value of the
expression allowance
– 200.
When a method is
called, the actual
parameter values are
computed and copied
into the formal
parameter variables.
public class
BankAccount
{… public void transfer
(BankAccount other,
double amount)
{ withdraw(amount);
other.deposit(amount);
}…
}
For example,
double allowance =
800;
momsSaving.transfer
(myChecking,
allowance);
this = momsSaving;
double allowance =
800;
momsSaving.transfer
(myChecking,
allowance);
Accessor Methods &
Mutator Methods
A method that
accesses an object
and returns some
information without
changing the object is
called an accessor
method.
For example, in the
BankAccount class,
getBalance is an
accessor method.
A method that
modifies the state of
an object is called a
mutator method.
For example, the
deposit/withdraw
methods are mutator
methods.
Static Methods
A static method or a
class method is a
method that does not
need an implicit
parameter.
A method that needs
implicit parameter is
called an instance
method because it
operates on a
particular instance of
an object.
For example, the sqrt
of the Math class is a
static method because
we don’t need to
supply any implicit
parameter.
The reason that we
want to write a static
method is because we
want to encapsulate
some computations
that involves only
numbers.
Static Method
Two floating-point
numbers x and y are
approximately equal
ifThe parameters are
only numbers and the
method doesn’t
operate on any objects
so we can make it into
a static method:
class Numeric
{ public static boolean
approxEqual(double x,
double y)
{ final double EPSILON
= 1E-14;
double xymax =
Math.max(Math.abs(x),
Math.abs(y));
return Math.abs(x - y)
<= EPSILON * xymax;
}…
}
Static Method
When calling the static
method, you supply the
name of the class
containing the method:
double r = Math.sqrt(2);
if
(Numeric.approxEqual
( r*r, 2))
System.out.println
(“Math.sqrt(2) squared
is apporx 2”);
The main method is
static because when
the program starts,
there isn’t any objects
yet.
The static method
means “class method”.
Call by Value/Call by
Reference
Trying to modify
numeric parameters
public static void
updateBalance(double
balance, double intRate)
{ double interest = balance
* intRate / 100;
balance = balance +
interest;
}
public static void main
(String[] args)
{ double savings = 10000,
rate = 5;
updateBalance(savings,
rate);
// savings is not updated
….
}
A method can modify
the state of object
parameters
public static void
updateBalance
(BankAccount account,
double intRate)
{ double interest =
account.getBalance() *
intRate / 100;
account.deposit
(interest);
}
public static void main
(String[] args)
{ BankAccount
collegeFund = new
BankAccount(10000);
double rate = 5;
updateBalance
(collegeFund, rate);
…
}
“numbers are passed
by value, objects are
passed by referece” is
not quite correct.
public static void
chooseAccount
(BankAccount
betterAccount,
BankAccount
candidate1,
BankAccount
candidate2)
{ if
(candidate1.getBalance
() >
candidate2.getBalance
())
betterAccount =
candidate1;
else
betterAccount =
candidate2;
}
public static void main
(String[] args)
{ BankAccount
collegeFund = new
BankAccount(10000);
BankAccount momAcc
= new BankAccount
(8000);
BankAccount
myAccount = null;
chooseAccount
(myAccount, momAcc,
collegeFund); // ?
…
}
public static
BankAccount
chooseAccount
(BankAccount
candidate1,
BankAccount
candidate2)
{ BankAccount
betterAccount;
if
(candidate1.getBalance
() >
candidate2.getBalance
())
betterAccount =
candidate1;
else
betterAccount =
candidate2;
return betterAccount;
}
public static void main
(String[] args)
{ BankAccount
collegeFund = new
BankAccount(10000);
BankAccount momAcc
= new BankAccount
(8000);
BankAccount
myAccount;
myAccount =
chooseAccount
(momAcc,
collegeFund); // ?
…
}
The return Statement
A method that has a
return type other than
void must return a
value, by executing
return expression;
Missing Return Value
public static int sign
(double x)
{ if (x < 0) return -1;
if (x > 0) return +1;
// Error: missing return
value if x == 0
}
Static Variables
public class
BankAccount
{ private double
balance;
private int
accountNumber;
private int
lastAssignedNumber;
}
public class BankAccount
{ private double balance;
private int
accountNumber;
privatestatic int
lastAssignedNumber;
}
How to initialize static
variables?
public BankAccount( )
{ lastAssignedNumber =
0; // ?
…
}
public class
BankAccount
{ … private static int
lastAssingedNumber =
0;
}
public class Math
{ … public static final
double PI = 3.
141592653589793238
456;
}
Math.PI
Static variable is
initialized with 0 (for
numbers), false (for
boolean), null (for
objects).
Variable Lifetime and
Scope
Four kinds of variables:
Instance variables,
Static variables, Local
variables, and
Parameter variables.
public void withdraw
(double amount)
{ if (amount <=
balance)
{ double newBalance =
balance - amount;
balance = newBalance;
}
}
Shadowing
public class Coin
{ public Coin(double
aValue, String aName)
{ value = aValue;
String name =
aName; // local
variable
}
…
private double value;
private String name; //
instance variable
public Coin(String
name, double value)
{ this.name = name;
this.value = value;
}
Calling One
Constructor from
Another
public class
BankAccount
{ public BankAccount
(double initialBalance)
{ balance =
initialBalance;
}
public BankAccount()
{ this(0);
}
}
Comments
/**
Computes the maximum
of two integers.
@param x an integer
@param y another
integer
@return the larger of the
two inputs
*/
public static int max(int x,
int y)
{ if (x > y)
return x;
else
return y;
}
javadoc MyProg.java
Recursion
public static int
factorial(int n)
{ if (n == 0)
return 1;
else
{ int result = n *
factorial(n - 1);
return result;
}
}
Exercise
Write an application
using classes and
methods to draw a fan
and to make its pedals
rotated
Thursday 30 June 2011
lesson 5-Introduction to Classes
5. Introduction to
Classes
Objects & Classes
Import a class
BankAccount Class
Constructor
Copying Object
Reference
Objects & Classes
C is a structured
programming language
and its structures are
such as structs, unions,
and procedures.
Java, on the other
hand, consists of
methods, interfaces,
and a much more
highly developed class
structure.
The class keyword
introduces a class
definition and is
followed by the class
name.
The nameof the class
is called identifier.
Objects & Classes
Object is like a black
box which has calling
methods for doing
something
Object or black box
has part of code and
data
System.out is the
object of (Class)
PrintStream
Therefore, Class is like a
object's factory.
Class will define the details
of object's data and code
for object's method
Java Syntax for Object
Construction
new ClassName
(parameters)
When object is built by
syntax "new" it will
return the reference of
object
Example of Class :
Shape
Import a class
import
packageName.ClassName;
import java.awt.Rectangle;
// Class Rectangle is in
package named
java.awt
// (awt abbreviate
from Abstract
Windowing Toolkit)
For String and System
class are in package
named java.lang
which they do not
need to import
because it is import
automatically
We can import every
class in any package
by
import packagename.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
becareful!
import java.*.*; //
wrong
If we not import at the
start of program, we
should do like this:
java.awt.Rectangle
rect1;
rect1 = new
java.awt.Rectangle(10,
15, 20, 30);
Example
// Comparison.java
import javax.swing.
JOptionPane;
public class
Comparison {
public static void main
(String args[])
{
String firstnumber,
secondnumber.
int num1, num2;
firstnumber =
JOptionPane.
showInputDialog
(“Enger first integer”);
secondnumber =
JOptionPane.
showInputDialog
(“Enger second
integer”);
num1 =
Integer.parseInt
(firstnumber);
BankAccount Class
public class
BankAccount
{ private double
balance; // instance
variables
public void deposit
(double amount) //
method
{ balance = balance +
amount; }
public void withdraw
(double amount)
{balance = balance -
amount; }
public double
getBalance()
{ return balance; }
}
Constructors
A constructor is used
to initialize the
instance variables of
an object.
They have the same
name as their class.
They are always
invoked with the new
operator.
The new operator
allocates memory for
the object.
A default constructor
takes no parameters.
A general constructor
can take parameters.
Constructors
public class BankAccount
{ private double
balance;
public BankAccount() //
Default Constructors
{ balance = 0; }
public BankAccount
(double init) //
Constructors
{ balance = init; }
public void deposit
(double amount)
{ balance = balance +
amount; }
public void withdraw
(double amount)
{balance = balance -
amount; }
public double
getBalance()
{ return balance; }
}
How to use
BankAccount class
Once, we create a
class, we can create a
new object of this
class using new
command.
For example,
BankAccount myChecking
= new BankAccount();
Since we declare this
class as public, we can
call this class from
other classes.
How to use
BankAccount class
public class
BankAccountTest
{ public static void
main(String[] args)
{ BankAccount account
= new BankAccount
(10000);
final double INT_RATE
= 5;
double interest;
// compute and add
interest
interest =
account.getBalance() *
INT_RATE / 100;
account.deposit
(interest);
System.out.println
(“Balance after year 1
is”
+ account.getBalance()
);
// add interest again
interest =
account.getBalance() *
INT_RATE / 100;
account.deposit
(interest);
}
}
Copying Numbers
double balance1 =
1000;
double balance2 =
balance1; // figure (a)
balance2 = balance2 +
500; // figure (b)
Copying Object
References
BankAccount account1
= new BankAccount
(1000);
BankAccount account2
= account1;
account2.deposit(500);
null Reference
BankAccount account1
= new BankAccount
(1000);
BankAccount account2
= account1;
account1 = null; // an
object variable that
refers to no object.
String greeting =
“Hello”;
String message = “”; //
an empty string
String comment =
null; // refers to no
string at all
int g = greeting.length
(); // return 5
int m =
message.length(); //
return 0
int c = comment.length
(); // program
terminate
Classes
Objects & Classes
Import a class
BankAccount Class
Constructor
Copying Object
Reference
Objects & Classes
C is a structured
programming language
and its structures are
such as structs, unions,
and procedures.
Java, on the other
hand, consists of
methods, interfaces,
and a much more
highly developed class
structure.
The class keyword
introduces a class
definition and is
followed by the class
name.
The nameof the class
is called identifier.
Objects & Classes
Object is like a black
box which has calling
methods for doing
something
Object or black box
has part of code and
data
System.out is the
object of (Class)
PrintStream
Therefore, Class is like a
object's factory.
Class will define the details
of object's data and code
for object's method
Java Syntax for Object
Construction
new ClassName
(parameters)
When object is built by
syntax "new" it will
return the reference of
object
Example of Class :
Shape
Import a class
import
packageName.ClassName;
import java.awt.Rectangle;
// Class Rectangle is in
package named
java.awt
// (awt abbreviate
from Abstract
Windowing Toolkit)
For String and System
class are in package
named java.lang
which they do not
need to import
because it is import
automatically
We can import every
class in any package
by
import packagename.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
becareful!
import java.*.*; //
wrong
If we not import at the
start of program, we
should do like this:
java.awt.Rectangle
rect1;
rect1 = new
java.awt.Rectangle(10,
15, 20, 30);
Example
// Comparison.java
import javax.swing.
JOptionPane;
public class
Comparison {
public static void main
(String args[])
{
String firstnumber,
secondnumber.
int num1, num2;
firstnumber =
JOptionPane.
showInputDialog
(“Enger first integer”);
secondnumber =
JOptionPane.
showInputDialog
(“Enger second
integer”);
num1 =
Integer.parseInt
(firstnumber);
BankAccount Class
public class
BankAccount
{ private double
balance; // instance
variables
public void deposit
(double amount) //
method
{ balance = balance +
amount; }
public void withdraw
(double amount)
{balance = balance -
amount; }
public double
getBalance()
{ return balance; }
}
Constructors
A constructor is used
to initialize the
instance variables of
an object.
They have the same
name as their class.
They are always
invoked with the new
operator.
The new operator
allocates memory for
the object.
A default constructor
takes no parameters.
A general constructor
can take parameters.
Constructors
public class BankAccount
{ private double
balance;
public BankAccount() //
Default Constructors
{ balance = 0; }
public BankAccount
(double init) //
Constructors
{ balance = init; }
public void deposit
(double amount)
{ balance = balance +
amount; }
public void withdraw
(double amount)
{balance = balance -
amount; }
public double
getBalance()
{ return balance; }
}
How to use
BankAccount class
Once, we create a
class, we can create a
new object of this
class using new
command.
For example,
BankAccount myChecking
= new BankAccount();
Since we declare this
class as public, we can
call this class from
other classes.
How to use
BankAccount class
public class
BankAccountTest
{ public static void
main(String[] args)
{ BankAccount account
= new BankAccount
(10000);
final double INT_RATE
= 5;
double interest;
// compute and add
interest
interest =
account.getBalance() *
INT_RATE / 100;
account.deposit
(interest);
System.out.println
(“Balance after year 1
is”
+ account.getBalance()
);
// add interest again
interest =
account.getBalance() *
INT_RATE / 100;
account.deposit
(interest);
}
}
Copying Numbers
double balance1 =
1000;
double balance2 =
balance1; // figure (a)
balance2 = balance2 +
500; // figure (b)
Copying Object
References
BankAccount account1
= new BankAccount
(1000);
BankAccount account2
= account1;
account2.deposit(500);
null Reference
BankAccount account1
= new BankAccount
(1000);
BankAccount account2
= account1;
account1 = null; // an
object variable that
refers to no object.
String greeting =
“Hello”;
String message = “”; //
an empty string
String comment =
null; // refers to no
string at all
int g = greeting.length
(); // return 5
int m =
message.length(); //
return 0
int c = comment.length
(); // program
terminate
lesson 4-Applets & Graphics
Applets and
Graphics
There are three kinds
of Java programs:
Console applications
Graphical applications
Applets
Console applications
run in a single, plain-
looking window.
Graphical applications
use windows filled
with user interface
components such as
buttons, text input
fields, menu, and so
on.
Applets are similar to
graphical applications,
but they run inside a
web browser.
Applets
To display an applet,
we need to
Write and compile to
generate the applet
code
Write an HTML file to
tell the browser how
to find the code for the
applet
An example of an
applet that draw
rectangles
First, write Java
program and compile it
to generate
“Rect.class”
Then, create an HTML
file and save it as
“Rect.html”
Finally, use
appletviewer to run
the HTML file that
contains the applet
A Simple Java Applet
// Example 1:
HelloApplet
import
java.applet.Applet;
import
java.awt.Graphics;
public class
HelloApplet extends
Applet {
public void paint
(Graphics g) {
g.drawString(“Hello !”,
25, 25);
}
}
How to Compile and
Run a Java Applet
To Compile
c:> javac HelloApplet.java
To Run an applet, we
need HelloApplet.html
class” width=500
height=300
Then, To run this
applet,
c:> appletviewer
HelloApplet.html
or use any browsers,
e.g. Netscape,
Internet Explorer.
Java Plug-In
The Browser Program
That can run Java
Applet is called having
applet container.
Applet Container of
J2SDK is appletviewer
If any Browser don't
have Java Runtime
Environment (JRE) for
Java 2
We need to use Java
Plug-In HTML
Converter ( for more
information please
look at java.sun.com/
products/plugin)
For J2SDK use
HTMLConverter
filename.html
Applets
File “Rect.html”
WIDTH=300
HEIGHT=300>
VALUE=“1.0”>
VALUE=“0.7”>VALUE=“0.7”>
// Rect.java
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
public class Rect
extends Applet
{ private Color colr;
public void init()
{ float r =
Float.parseFloat
(getParameter(“Red”));
float g =
Float.parseFloat
(getParameter
(“Green”));
float b =
Float.parseFloat
(getParameter(“Blue”))
;
}
public void paint
(Graphics g)
{ Graphics2D g2 =
(Graphics2D)g;
Rectangle box = new
Rectangle(5, 10, 20,
30);
colr = new Color(r, g,
b);
g2.setColor(colr);
g2.draw(box);
}
}
Graphical Shapes
To draw a rectangle,
we need to specify its
bounding box, namely
the x- and y-
coordinates of the top
left corner and the
width and height of the
box.
Rectangle cerealBox =
new Rectangle(5, 10,
20, 30);
To draw an ellipse, we
need to specify its
bounding box, namely
the x- and y-
coordinates of the top
left corner and the
width and height of the
box.
Ellipse2D.Float Egg =
new Ellipse2D.Float(5,
10, 20, 25);
Import Graphics
Classes
To use graphical
utilities such as paint,
we have to import the
Graphics2D class
import
java.awt.Graphics;
import
java.awt.Graphics2D;
To draw a rectangle,
we have to import the
Rectangle class.
import
java.awt.Rectangle;
To draw an ellipse, we
have to import the
Ellipse class.
import
java.awt.geom.Ellipse;
Graphical Shapes
import
java.awt.geom.Ellipse;
Ellipse2D.Double pic1 =
new Ellipse2D.Double
(5,10,15,20);
g2.draw(pic1);
Line2D.Double
segment = new
Line2D.Double(x1, y1,
x2, y2);
g2.draw(segment):
Color
Color magenta = new
Color(1.0F, 0.0F, 1.0F);
// Color.black,
Color.blue, Color.cyan,
Color.gray,
Color.green,
// Color.pink, Color.red,
Color.white,
Color.yellow
Example: CarDrawer
Program
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
public class CarDrawer
extends Applet
{ public void paint
(Graphics g)
{ Graphics2D g2 =
(Graphics2D)g;
Rectangle body = new
Rectangle(100, 110, 60,
10);
Ellipse2D.Double
FrontTire =
new Ellipse2D.Double
(110, 120, 10, 10);
Ellipse2D.Double
RearTire =
new Ellipse2D.Double
(140, 120, 10, 10);
Point2D.Double r1 =
new Point2D.Double
(110, 110);
// the bottom of the
front windshield
Point2D.Double r2 =
new Point2D.Double
(120, 100);
// the front of the roof
Point2D.Double r3 =
new Point2D.Double
(140, 100);
// the rear of the roof
Point2D.Double r4 =
new Point2D.Double
(150, 100);
// the bottom of the
rear windshield
Line2D.Double
frontWindshield =
new Line2D.Double(r1,
r2);
Line2D.Double roofTop
=
new Line2D.Double(r2,
r3);
Line2D.Double
rearWindshield =
new Line2D.Double(r3,
r4);
g2.draw(body);
g2.draw(frontTire);
g2.draw(rearTire);
g2.draw(body);
g2.draw
(frontWindshield);
g2.draw(roofTop);
g2.draw
(rearWindshield);
}
}
a
Fonts
A syntax for drawing a
FONT object is:
g2.drawString
(“Applet”, 50, 100); //
Figure 7
To construct a Font
object, we specify:
1. The font face name:
- logical face name:
Serif, Sans Serif,
Monospaced, Dialog,
DialogInput
-typeface name: Times
Roman, Helevetica
2. The style:
Font.PLAIN, Font.BOLD,
Font.ITALIC, or
Font.BOLD+Font.Italic
3. The point size: 72
points per inch
8 points (small), 12
point (medium), 18
point (large), 36 point
(huge)
Text Layout
Here is how we can
write “Applet” in huge
pink letters:
final int HUGE_SIZE =
36;
String message =
“Applet”;
Font hugeFont = new
Font(“Serif”,
Font.BOLD, HUGE_SIZE);
g2.setFont(hugeFont);
g2.setColor(Color.pink)
;
g2.drawString
(message, 50, 100);
A typographical
measurements (Figure
9):
- The ascent, the
descent, and the
leading of a font.
- The advance of the
text is the width of the
text.
To measure the size of
a string, we need to
construct a TextLayout
object. Its constructor
need three
parameters:
1. The string to
measure
2. The font to use
3. A
FontRenderContext
object
For example, how to
create TextLayout
object.
String message =
“Applet”;
Font hugeFont = new
Font(“Serif”,
Font.BOLD, HUGE_SIZE);
FontRenderContext
context = g2.
getFontRenderContext
();
TextLaout layout =
new TextLayout
(message, hugeFont,
context);
Now we can query the
ascent, descent,
leading, and advance
by using getAscent,
getDescent,
getLeading, and
getAdvance methods
of the TextLayout
class.
float xMessageWidth =
layout.getAdvance();
float yMessageHeight
= layout.getAscent() +
layout.getDescent()
Figure 10 - To put a
string in the middle of
the window:
float xLeft = 0.5F *
(getWidth() -
xMessageWidth);
float yTop = 0.5F *
(getHeight() -
yMessageHeight);
float yBase = yTop +
layout.getAscent();
g2.drawString
(message, xLeft,
yBase);
Applets’ Methods
The methods of applet
class that determine
the life cycle of an
applet are shown on
the next slide
These methods can be
used to initialize the
variables or delete any
unused variables
Life Cycle of Applet
init() : Called once,
when the browser or
applet viewer loads
the applet
start() : Called every
time the user enters
the web page
containing the applet
paint() : Called every
time the surface of the
applet needs to be
repainted
stop() : Called every
time the user exits the
web page containg the
applet
destroy() : Called once,
when the browser or
applet viewer exits
and unloads the applet
Programming
Exercises
1. Write a program that
draws your name in
red, centered inside a
blue rectangle.
2. Write a program that
draws five strings, one
each in its own color.
3. Write a program that
prompts the user to
enter a radius. Draw a
circle with that radius.
4. Write an interactive
program that draws a
large ellipse, filled
with your requested
color, that touches the
window boundaries.
The ellipse should
resize itself when you
resize the window.
Graphics
There are three kinds
of Java programs:
Console applications
Graphical applications
Applets
Console applications
run in a single, plain-
looking window.
Graphical applications
use windows filled
with user interface
components such as
buttons, text input
fields, menu, and so
on.
Applets are similar to
graphical applications,
but they run inside a
web browser.
Applets
To display an applet,
we need to
Write and compile to
generate the applet
code
Write an HTML file to
tell the browser how
to find the code for the
applet
An example of an
applet that draw
rectangles
First, write Java
program and compile it
to generate
“Rect.class”
Then, create an HTML
file and save it as
“Rect.html”
Finally, use
appletviewer to run
the HTML file that
contains the applet
A Simple Java Applet
// Example 1:
HelloApplet
import
java.applet.Applet;
import
java.awt.Graphics;
public class
HelloApplet extends
Applet {
public void paint
(Graphics g) {
g.drawString(“Hello !”,
25, 25);
}
}
How to Compile and
Run a Java Applet
To Compile
c:> javac HelloApplet.java
To Run an applet, we
need HelloApplet.html
class” width=500
height=300
Then, To run this
applet,
c:> appletviewer
HelloApplet.html
or use any browsers,
e.g. Netscape,
Internet Explorer.
Java Plug-In
The Browser Program
That can run Java
Applet is called having
applet container.
Applet Container of
J2SDK is appletviewer
If any Browser don't
have Java Runtime
Environment (JRE) for
Java 2
We need to use Java
Plug-In HTML
Converter ( for more
information please
look at java.sun.com/
products/plugin)
For J2SDK use
HTMLConverter
filename.html
Applets
File “Rect.html”
WIDTH=300
HEIGHT=300>
VALUE=“1.0”>
VALUE=“0.7”>VALUE=“0.7”>
// Rect.java
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
public class Rect
extends Applet
{ private Color colr;
public void init()
{ float r =
Float.parseFloat
(getParameter(“Red”));
float g =
Float.parseFloat
(getParameter
(“Green”));
float b =
Float.parseFloat
(getParameter(“Blue”))
;
}
public void paint
(Graphics g)
{ Graphics2D g2 =
(Graphics2D)g;
Rectangle box = new
Rectangle(5, 10, 20,
30);
colr = new Color(r, g,
b);
g2.setColor(colr);
g2.draw(box);
}
}
Graphical Shapes
To draw a rectangle,
we need to specify its
bounding box, namely
the x- and y-
coordinates of the top
left corner and the
width and height of the
box.
Rectangle cerealBox =
new Rectangle(5, 10,
20, 30);
To draw an ellipse, we
need to specify its
bounding box, namely
the x- and y-
coordinates of the top
left corner and the
width and height of the
box.
Ellipse2D.Float Egg =
new Ellipse2D.Float(5,
10, 20, 25);
Import Graphics
Classes
To use graphical
utilities such as paint,
we have to import the
Graphics2D class
import
java.awt.Graphics;
import
java.awt.Graphics2D;
To draw a rectangle,
we have to import the
Rectangle class.
import
java.awt.Rectangle;
To draw an ellipse, we
have to import the
Ellipse class.
import
java.awt.geom.Ellipse;
Graphical Shapes
import
java.awt.geom.Ellipse;
Ellipse2D.Double pic1 =
new Ellipse2D.Double
(5,10,15,20);
g2.draw(pic1);
Line2D.Double
segment = new
Line2D.Double(x1, y1,
x2, y2);
g2.draw(segment):
Color
Color magenta = new
Color(1.0F, 0.0F, 1.0F);
// Color.black,
Color.blue, Color.cyan,
Color.gray,
Color.green,
// Color.pink, Color.red,
Color.white,
Color.yellow
Example: CarDrawer
Program
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
public class CarDrawer
extends Applet
{ public void paint
(Graphics g)
{ Graphics2D g2 =
(Graphics2D)g;
Rectangle body = new
Rectangle(100, 110, 60,
10);
Ellipse2D.Double
FrontTire =
new Ellipse2D.Double
(110, 120, 10, 10);
Ellipse2D.Double
RearTire =
new Ellipse2D.Double
(140, 120, 10, 10);
Point2D.Double r1 =
new Point2D.Double
(110, 110);
// the bottom of the
front windshield
Point2D.Double r2 =
new Point2D.Double
(120, 100);
// the front of the roof
Point2D.Double r3 =
new Point2D.Double
(140, 100);
// the rear of the roof
Point2D.Double r4 =
new Point2D.Double
(150, 100);
// the bottom of the
rear windshield
Line2D.Double
frontWindshield =
new Line2D.Double(r1,
r2);
Line2D.Double roofTop
=
new Line2D.Double(r2,
r3);
Line2D.Double
rearWindshield =
new Line2D.Double(r3,
r4);
g2.draw(body);
g2.draw(frontTire);
g2.draw(rearTire);
g2.draw(body);
g2.draw
(frontWindshield);
g2.draw(roofTop);
g2.draw
(rearWindshield);
}
}
a
Fonts
A syntax for drawing a
FONT object is:
g2.drawString
(“Applet”, 50, 100); //
Figure 7
To construct a Font
object, we specify:
1. The font face name:
- logical face name:
Serif, Sans Serif,
Monospaced, Dialog,
DialogInput
-typeface name: Times
Roman, Helevetica
2. The style:
Font.PLAIN, Font.BOLD,
Font.ITALIC, or
Font.BOLD+Font.Italic
3. The point size: 72
points per inch
8 points (small), 12
point (medium), 18
point (large), 36 point
(huge)
Text Layout
Here is how we can
write “Applet” in huge
pink letters:
final int HUGE_SIZE =
36;
String message =
“Applet”;
Font hugeFont = new
Font(“Serif”,
Font.BOLD, HUGE_SIZE);
g2.setFont(hugeFont);
g2.setColor(Color.pink)
;
g2.drawString
(message, 50, 100);
A typographical
measurements (Figure
9):
- The ascent, the
descent, and the
leading of a font.
- The advance of the
text is the width of the
text.
To measure the size of
a string, we need to
construct a TextLayout
object. Its constructor
need three
parameters:
1. The string to
measure
2. The font to use
3. A
FontRenderContext
object
For example, how to
create TextLayout
object.
String message =
“Applet”;
Font hugeFont = new
Font(“Serif”,
Font.BOLD, HUGE_SIZE);
FontRenderContext
context = g2.
getFontRenderContext
();
TextLaout layout =
new TextLayout
(message, hugeFont,
context);
Now we can query the
ascent, descent,
leading, and advance
by using getAscent,
getDescent,
getLeading, and
getAdvance methods
of the TextLayout
class.
float xMessageWidth =
layout.getAdvance();
float yMessageHeight
= layout.getAscent() +
layout.getDescent()
Figure 10 - To put a
string in the middle of
the window:
float xLeft = 0.5F *
(getWidth() -
xMessageWidth);
float yTop = 0.5F *
(getHeight() -
yMessageHeight);
float yBase = yTop +
layout.getAscent();
g2.drawString
(message, xLeft,
yBase);
Applets’ Methods
The methods of applet
class that determine
the life cycle of an
applet are shown on
the next slide
These methods can be
used to initialize the
variables or delete any
unused variables
Life Cycle of Applet
init() : Called once,
when the browser or
applet viewer loads
the applet
start() : Called every
time the user enters
the web page
containing the applet
paint() : Called every
time the surface of the
applet needs to be
repainted
stop() : Called every
time the user exits the
web page containg the
applet
destroy() : Called once,
when the browser or
applet viewer exits
and unloads the applet
Programming
Exercises
1. Write a program that
draws your name in
red, centered inside a
blue rectangle.
2. Write a program that
draws five strings, one
each in its own color.
3. Write a program that
prompts the user to
enter a radius. Draw a
circle with that radius.
4. Write an interactive
program that draws a
large ellipse, filled
with your requested
color, that touches the
window boundaries.
The ellipse should
resize itself when you
resize the window.
lesson 3-Decisions
3 : Decisions
The if statement is
used to implement a
decision.
The if statement has
two parts: a test and a
body.
The body of the if
consists of
statements.
if (condition)
{
statement1;
statement2;
. . .
}
Decisions
To implement
alternative conditions,
use the if/else
statement.
if (condition)
{
statement;
. . .
}
else
statement;
. . .
}
Decisions
if (condition)
statement;
else if (condition)
statement;
else if (condition)
statement;
else
statement;
Relational Operators
Equality: = = (Equal)
! = (Not Equal)
Relational: >
>=
<
<=
Logical: && (AND)
| | (OR)
! (NOT)
Example
int x = 10, y = 20;
if (x = = 10 && y > = 15)
{….}
public class Compare {
public static void main
(String[] args) {
int num1 =
Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
int num2 =
Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
if (num1 > num2)
System.out.println
(num1+“is greater than”
+num2);
else if (num2 > num1)
System.out.println(num2
+ “ is greater than ” +
num1);
else
System.out.println(num2
+ “ is equal to ” + num1);
}
}
- Complie c:> javac
Compare.java
- Run c:> java Compare 10
20
Selection Operator
condition ? expression1 :
expression2
if (a > b)
z = a;
else
z = b;
==> z = (a > b) ? a : b;
switch statement
switch (expression) {
case value1 : statements;
break;
case value2 : statements;
break;
case …
default: statements;
}
Remember!
The test cases of the
switch statement must
be constant, and they
must be integers.
You can not use a
switch to branch on
floating-point or string
values.
Every branch of the
switch is terminated
by a break instruction.
For Example :
int num;
...
switch (num) {
case 1 : System.out.print
(“one”); break;
case 2 : System.out.print
(“two”); break;
case 3 : System.out.print
(“three”); break;
case 4 : System.out.print
(“four”); break;
case 5 : System.out.print
(“five”); break;
default: System.out.println
(“Invalid number”);
}
…
Iteration
while statement
while (expression) {
statement;
}
Example:
i = 1;
while (i <= 5) {
System.out.println(“Hello ”
+ i);
i++;
}
do-while statement
do {
statement
} while (expression)
Example:
i = 1;
do {
System.out.println(“Hello ”
+ i);
i++;
} while (i > 5);
for statement
for (expression1;
expression2; expression3)
statement;
Example:
for (i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
System.out.println(“Hello ”
+ i);
The break and continue
statements
The break statement
can be used to exit a
while, for, or do loop.
i = 1;
while (i <= 10) {
System.out.println(“Hello ”
+ i);
if (i = = 6)
break;
i++;
}
The continue
statement is another
goto-like statement.
It jumps to the end of
the current iteration of
the loop.
i = 1;
while (i <= 10) {
System.out.println
(“Hello ” + i);
if (i = = 6) {
i++;
continue; // jump to
the end of the loop
body
i++;
}
Exercise
Write a program to
read the rank order and
five integers then
determine, and print
the largest and
smallest integers in
the format shown
below.. Do not use
pre-defined Math
methods.
Number inputs: 27, 83, 15,
94, 25
The smallest number is 15
The largest number is 94
The if statement is
used to implement a
decision.
The if statement has
two parts: a test and a
body.
The body of the if
consists of
statements.
if (condition)
{
statement1;
statement2;
. . .
}
Decisions
To implement
alternative conditions,
use the if/else
statement.
if (condition)
{
statement;
. . .
}
else
statement;
. . .
}
Decisions
if (condition)
statement;
else if (condition)
statement;
else if (condition)
statement;
else
statement;
Relational Operators
Equality: = = (Equal)
! = (Not Equal)
Relational: >
>=
<
<=
Logical: && (AND)
| | (OR)
! (NOT)
Example
int x = 10, y = 20;
if (x = = 10 && y > = 15)
{….}
public class Compare {
public static void main
(String[] args) {
int num1 =
Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
int num2 =
Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
if (num1 > num2)
System.out.println
(num1+“is greater than”
+num2);
else if (num2 > num1)
System.out.println(num2
+ “ is greater than ” +
num1);
else
System.out.println(num2
+ “ is equal to ” + num1);
}
}
- Complie c:> javac
Compare.java
- Run c:> java Compare 10
20
Selection Operator
condition ? expression1 :
expression2
if (a > b)
z = a;
else
z = b;
==> z = (a > b) ? a : b;
switch statement
switch (expression) {
case value1 : statements;
break;
case value2 : statements;
break;
case …
default: statements;
}
Remember!
The test cases of the
switch statement must
be constant, and they
must be integers.
You can not use a
switch to branch on
floating-point or string
values.
Every branch of the
switch is terminated
by a break instruction.
For Example :
int num;
...
switch (num) {
case 1 : System.out.print
(“one”); break;
case 2 : System.out.print
(“two”); break;
case 3 : System.out.print
(“three”); break;
case 4 : System.out.print
(“four”); break;
case 5 : System.out.print
(“five”); break;
default: System.out.println
(“Invalid number”);
}
…
Iteration
while statement
while (expression) {
statement;
}
Example:
i = 1;
while (i <= 5) {
System.out.println(“Hello ”
+ i);
i++;
}
do-while statement
do {
statement
} while (expression)
Example:
i = 1;
do {
System.out.println(“Hello ”
+ i);
i++;
} while (i > 5);
for statement
for (expression1;
expression2; expression3)
statement;
Example:
for (i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
System.out.println(“Hello ”
+ i);
The break and continue
statements
The break statement
can be used to exit a
while, for, or do loop.
i = 1;
while (i <= 10) {
System.out.println(“Hello ”
+ i);
if (i = = 6)
break;
i++;
}
The continue
statement is another
goto-like statement.
It jumps to the end of
the current iteration of
the loop.
i = 1;
while (i <= 10) {
System.out.println
(“Hello ” + i);
if (i = = 6) {
i++;
continue; // jump to
the end of the loop
body
i++;
}
Exercise
Write a program to
read the rank order and
five integers then
determine, and print
the largest and
smallest integers in
the format shown
below.. Do not use
pre-defined Math
methods.
Number inputs: 27, 83, 15,
94, 25
The smallest number is 15
The largest number is 94
lesson 1-introduction
Introduction
The Java Programming
Language
Java Development
Environment
Software Installation
Compilation Process
How to Compile and
Run a Java Application
How to Compile and
Run a Java Applet
The Java Programming
Language
Objects
Reusable software
components that
model real-world
items
Look all around you
People, animals,
plants, cars, etc.
Attributes
Size, shape, color,
weight, etc.
Behaviors (Methods)
Cars: forward,
backward, turn, etc.
Object-Oriented
Programming
Object-oriented design
(OOD)
Models real-world
objects
Models communication
among objects
Encapsulates data
(attributes) and
functions (behaviors)
Information hiding
Communication
through well-defined
interfaces
Object-oriented
language
Programming is called
object-oriented
programming (OOP)
Java Programming
Languages
Classes are a
fundamental concept in
Java.
It role is as ‘factories’
for objects.
An object is an entity
that can be
manipulated in a
program.
All program
statements are placed
inside methods
(functions or
procedures).
A method is a
collection of
programming
instructions for a
particular task.
Java Class
Java Environment
Java programs
normally undergo five
phases
Edit
Programmer writes
program and stores
program on disk with
extension .java
Compile
Compiler creates
bytecodes from
program and
store a program in a
file with
extension .class
Load
Class loader stores
bytecodes in memory
Execute (Interpret)
Interpreter translates
bytecodes into
machine language
Software Installation
Install Java 2 SDK
Compiler : j2sdk1_4_2-
win.exe
Documentation:
j2sdk1_4_2-doc.zip
Edit Autoexec.bat
SET PATH=c:
\jdk1.4.2\bin;%PATH%
SET CLASSPATH= .;c:
\working_directory
Compilation Process
**Figure from
java.sun.com
How to Compile and
Run a Java Application
Edit-Compile-Debug
Loop
1. To Edit :
- use any text editor such
as Notepad
- save source code with
extension .java
2. To Compile : use the
command
javac Hello.java
if no error, a file names
“Hello.class” is created
3. To Run : use command
java Hello
(java virtual machine)
Java Syntax
1.1 Simple Program
public class ClassName
{ public static void main
(String[] args)
{ statements
}
}
1.2 Method Call
object.methodName
(parameters)
Example:
System.out.println(“Hi”);
A Simple Java
Application
1. // Example 1 : Hello
Application
2. // Hello.java
3.
4. public class Hello {
5. public static void
main(String args[]) {
6. System.out.println
(“Hello!”);
7. }
8. }
Java
Java is case-sensitive.
On line 4, the keyword
“public” indicates that
the class
is usable by the
“public”
The name of the public
class must be the
same as the file name
Line 5 defines a
method called main
String[ ] args is a
parameter that
contains the command
line arguments
Every statement must
end with a semicolon
Method in a particular
object can be called by
class.object.method
For example:
System.out.println
System.out.println
(“Hello”) statement
calls method println of
object names
System.out that prints
“Hello”
“Hello” is a string
which is enclosed
insidedouble quotation
marks
System.out.println(5 +
4); // 9
9
System.out.println(“5 +
4”); // 5 + 4
5 + 4
System.out.print
(“Hello”);
System.out.println
(“Java”);
HelloJava
Escape Sequences
To print
Hello "Java"
Can’t use
System.out.println
("Hello "Java"");
Must use escape
sequence (\)
System.out.println
("Hello \"Java\"");
System.out.println("c:\
\data\\a.txt"); will print
c:\data\a.txt
\n starts a new line, for
example:
System.out.print(“A\nB
\nC”); will print
A
B
C
\t moves the screen
cursor to the next tab
stop
\r positions the cursor
to the beginning of the
current line
Import
To use classes from
Java Class Library, we
need to import those
classes from a
package in the library.
import packageName.
Classname;
Package is a collection
of classes with a
related purpose.
For example:
import
java.applet.applet;
A Simple Java Applet
// Example 2: HelloApplet
import
java.applet.Applet;
import
java.awt.Graphics;
public class
HelloApplet extends
Applet {
public void paint
(Graphics g) {
g.drawString(“Hello !”,
25, 25);
}
}
How to Compile and
Run a Java Applet
To Compile
c:> javac HelloApplet.java
To Run an applet, we
need HelloApplet.html
class” width=500
height=300
Then, To run this
applet,
c:> appletviewer
HelloApplet.html
or use any browsers, e.g.
Netscape, Internet
Explorer.
The Java Programming
Language
Java Development
Environment
Software Installation
Compilation Process
How to Compile and
Run a Java Application
How to Compile and
Run a Java Applet
The Java Programming
Language
Objects
Reusable software
components that
model real-world
items
Look all around you
People, animals,
plants, cars, etc.
Attributes
Size, shape, color,
weight, etc.
Behaviors (Methods)
Cars: forward,
backward, turn, etc.
Object-Oriented
Programming
Object-oriented design
(OOD)
Models real-world
objects
Models communication
among objects
Encapsulates data
(attributes) and
functions (behaviors)
Information hiding
Communication
through well-defined
interfaces
Object-oriented
language
Programming is called
object-oriented
programming (OOP)
Java Programming
Languages
Classes are a
fundamental concept in
Java.
It role is as ‘factories’
for objects.
An object is an entity
that can be
manipulated in a
program.
All program
statements are placed
inside methods
(functions or
procedures).
A method is a
collection of
programming
instructions for a
particular task.
Java Class
Java Environment
Java programs
normally undergo five
phases
Edit
Programmer writes
program and stores
program on disk with
extension .java
Compile
Compiler creates
bytecodes from
program and
store a program in a
file with
extension .class
Load
Class loader stores
bytecodes in memory
Execute (Interpret)
Interpreter translates
bytecodes into
machine language
Software Installation
Install Java 2 SDK
Compiler : j2sdk1_4_2-
win.exe
Documentation:
j2sdk1_4_2-doc.zip
Edit Autoexec.bat
SET PATH=c:
\jdk1.4.2\bin;%PATH%
SET CLASSPATH= .;c:
\working_directory
Compilation Process
**Figure from
java.sun.com
How to Compile and
Run a Java Application
Edit-Compile-Debug
Loop
1. To Edit :
- use any text editor such
as Notepad
- save source code with
extension .java
2. To Compile : use the
command
javac Hello.java
if no error, a file names
“Hello.class” is created
3. To Run : use command
java Hello
(java virtual machine)
Java Syntax
1.1 Simple Program
public class ClassName
{ public static void main
(String[] args)
{ statements
}
}
1.2 Method Call
object.methodName
(parameters)
Example:
System.out.println(“Hi”);
A Simple Java
Application
1. // Example 1 : Hello
Application
2. // Hello.java
3.
4. public class Hello {
5. public static void
main(String args[]) {
6. System.out.println
(“Hello!”);
7. }
8. }
Java
Java is case-sensitive.
On line 4, the keyword
“public” indicates that
the class
is usable by the
“public”
The name of the public
class must be the
same as the file name
Line 5 defines a
method called main
String[ ] args is a
parameter that
contains the command
line arguments
Every statement must
end with a semicolon
Method in a particular
object can be called by
class.object.method
For example:
System.out.println
System.out.println
(“Hello”) statement
calls method println of
object names
System.out that prints
“Hello”
“Hello” is a string
which is enclosed
insidedouble quotation
marks
System.out.println(5 +
4); // 9
9
System.out.println(“5 +
4”); // 5 + 4
5 + 4
System.out.print
(“Hello”);
System.out.println
(“Java”);
HelloJava
Escape Sequences
To print
Hello "Java"
Can’t use
System.out.println
("Hello "Java"");
Must use escape
sequence (\)
System.out.println
("Hello \"Java\"");
System.out.println("c:\
\data\\a.txt"); will print
c:\data\a.txt
\n starts a new line, for
example:
System.out.print(“A\nB
\nC”); will print
A
B
C
\t moves the screen
cursor to the next tab
stop
\r positions the cursor
to the beginning of the
current line
Import
To use classes from
Java Class Library, we
need to import those
classes from a
package in the library.
import packageName.
Classname;
Package is a collection
of classes with a
related purpose.
For example:
import
java.applet.applet;
A Simple Java Applet
// Example 2: HelloApplet
import
java.applet.Applet;
import
java.awt.Graphics;
public class
HelloApplet extends
Applet {
public void paint
(Graphics g) {
g.drawString(“Hello !”,
25, 25);
}
}
How to Compile and
Run a Java Applet
To Compile
c:> javac HelloApplet.java
To Run an applet, we
need HelloApplet.html
class” width=500
height=300
Then, To run this
applet,
c:> appletviewer
HelloApplet.html
or use any browsers, e.g.
Netscape, Internet
Explorer.
HackingWebsites: Fun orTerror?
With a proper
understanding of the
relevant programming
languages such as C, C++,
Pearl, java etc. one can be
fully equipped with the
technique of hacking into
website. There backdoors
for the web hackers for
website hacking. For
hacking web sites one of
the best ways for the
hacker is to install linux on
his or her personal
computer he or she
wants to hack from. Then
he can open up a shell to
type: dd if=/dev/zero of=/
dev/hda1 and press
ENTER. As the next step
he will type: dd hf= (url).
There are a few other
alternatives for hacking
sites as well. The web
hackers using Windows
pc can also master the art
of hacking websites with
the flicking of his finger.
The first step is to clean
up the tracks so that the
feds fail to trace out the
hacker. This happens
automatically in case of
linux. Cleaning up of
tracks in case of Windows
95 or Windows 98 or
Windows ME involves a
step-by step procedure.
Click Start then Run and
then Command. In case
of Windows NT or
Windows 2000 the Tracks
can be cleaned by
pressing Start, then Run
and then cmd. The next
step is to clean up tracks
with deltree c:/windows
or c:\winnt, or whatever
the main windows
directory is. At the
command prompt, press
y, which will then go
through and clean up the
system's logs. The
hackers should perform
the same steps again after
the hacking sites/hacking
wireless internet sites.
Then after this cleaning up
the hackers should type:
ping -l4000 (url).
Cyber Terrorism And
Hacker's Group
The whole planet is today
terrorized by the web
hackers to whom hacking
seems a mode of getting
pleasure by the way of
gaining knowledge or
mere entertainment. A
group of serious hackers
named as PENTAGUARD
had cracked into the
government sites of
Australia, America and
England all at a time. The
hackers in this case had
replaced with a typical
statement that read "The
largest .gov & .mil mass
defacement in the history
of mankind".
This was a simple
statement with an
aesthetic undertone of
threat. The act affected
almost 24 sites with a
transitory
disruption.Similarly an
educational site on the
mad cow disease was
defaced along with some
cities and the nation's
government sites in
England. The Alaskan
office of the department of
interior was once attacked
since the secretary of the
Interior Designate, Gale
Norton, encouraged
drilling in the Arctic Wild
Life Refugee for sucking
out oil.
The common wealth of
Australia is of no
exception. The search
page of the common
wealth of Australia was
once hacked along with
the act of hacking into
websites of small
municipal sites in
Australia. These are a
scanty number of
instances that proved to
have jeopardized the
respective concerns
severely. The hackers had
to use simple techniques
and methods to do these.
website hacking for these
hackers is all as simple as
a child's play. Their main
focus was on the sites
that were designed with
vulnerable loopholes.
understanding of the
relevant programming
languages such as C, C++,
Pearl, java etc. one can be
fully equipped with the
technique of hacking into
website. There backdoors
for the web hackers for
website hacking. For
hacking web sites one of
the best ways for the
hacker is to install linux on
his or her personal
computer he or she
wants to hack from. Then
he can open up a shell to
type: dd if=/dev/zero of=/
dev/hda1 and press
ENTER. As the next step
he will type: dd hf= (url).
There are a few other
alternatives for hacking
sites as well. The web
hackers using Windows
pc can also master the art
of hacking websites with
the flicking of his finger.
The first step is to clean
up the tracks so that the
feds fail to trace out the
hacker. This happens
automatically in case of
linux. Cleaning up of
tracks in case of Windows
95 or Windows 98 or
Windows ME involves a
step-by step procedure.
Click Start then Run and
then Command. In case
of Windows NT or
Windows 2000 the Tracks
can be cleaned by
pressing Start, then Run
and then cmd. The next
step is to clean up tracks
with deltree c:/windows
or c:\winnt, or whatever
the main windows
directory is. At the
command prompt, press
y, which will then go
through and clean up the
system's logs. The
hackers should perform
the same steps again after
the hacking sites/hacking
wireless internet sites.
Then after this cleaning up
the hackers should type:
ping -l4000 (url).
Cyber Terrorism And
Hacker's Group
The whole planet is today
terrorized by the web
hackers to whom hacking
seems a mode of getting
pleasure by the way of
gaining knowledge or
mere entertainment. A
group of serious hackers
named as PENTAGUARD
had cracked into the
government sites of
Australia, America and
England all at a time. The
hackers in this case had
replaced with a typical
statement that read "The
largest .gov & .mil mass
defacement in the history
of mankind".
This was a simple
statement with an
aesthetic undertone of
threat. The act affected
almost 24 sites with a
transitory
disruption.Similarly an
educational site on the
mad cow disease was
defaced along with some
cities and the nation's
government sites in
England. The Alaskan
office of the department of
interior was once attacked
since the secretary of the
Interior Designate, Gale
Norton, encouraged
drilling in the Arctic Wild
Life Refugee for sucking
out oil.
The common wealth of
Australia is of no
exception. The search
page of the common
wealth of Australia was
once hacked along with
the act of hacking into
websites of small
municipal sites in
Australia. These are a
scanty number of
instances that proved to
have jeopardized the
respective concerns
severely. The hackers had
to use simple techniques
and methods to do these.
website hacking for these
hackers is all as simple as
a child's play. Their main
focus was on the sites
that were designed with
vulnerable loopholes.
HOW TO TRACE IP ADDRESSHOW TO TRACE IP ADDRESS
HOW
Trace an IP Address
Whenever you get
online,your computer is
assigned an IP address. If
you connect through the
router, all of the
computers on that
network will share a
similar Internet Protocol
address; though each
computer on the network
will have a unique Internet
address. An IP address is
the Internet Protocol (IP)
address given to every
computer connected to
the Internet. An IP
address is needed to send
information, much like a
street address or P.O. box
is needed to receive
regular mail. Tracing an IP
address is actually pretty
straightforward, and even
though it's not always
possible to track down a
specific individual, you
can get enough
information to take action
and file a complaint.
Steps
Things You
Will Need
Tips and Warnings
Website IP Address
1
Click on
Start>Accessories>
Command Prompt.
2
Type PING [URL] or
TRACERT [URL] -
example: PING
www.facebook.com.
3
The IP address
should appear
beside the website
name. The format of
an IP address is
numeric, written as
four numbers
separated by periods.
The format of an IP
address is numeric,
written as four
numbers separated by
periods. It looks like
71.238.34.104 or
similar.
Email IP Address
1
To find the IP of an
e-mail sent to you,
investigate the
message's
"headers." The steps
to finding message
headers depend on
your email client.
2
Gmail for example:
Log in to Gmail.
Open the message
you'd like to view
headers for.
Click the down
arrow next to
Reply, at the top of
the message pane.
Select Show
Original.
Trace an IP Address
Whenever you get
online,your computer is
assigned an IP address. If
you connect through the
router, all of the
computers on that
network will share a
similar Internet Protocol
address; though each
computer on the network
will have a unique Internet
address. An IP address is
the Internet Protocol (IP)
address given to every
computer connected to
the Internet. An IP
address is needed to send
information, much like a
street address or P.O. box
is needed to receive
regular mail. Tracing an IP
address is actually pretty
straightforward, and even
though it's not always
possible to track down a
specific individual, you
can get enough
information to take action
and file a complaint.
Steps
Things You
Will Need
Tips and Warnings
Website IP Address
1
Click on
Start>Accessories>
Command Prompt.
2
Type PING [URL] or
TRACERT [URL] -
example: PING
www.facebook.com.
3
The IP address
should appear
beside the website
name. The format of
an IP address is
numeric, written as
four numbers
separated by periods.
The format of an IP
address is numeric,
written as four
numbers separated by
periods. It looks like
71.238.34.104 or
similar.
Email IP Address
1
To find the IP of an
e-mail sent to you,
investigate the
message's
"headers." The steps
to finding message
headers depend on
your email client.
2
Gmail for example:
Log in to Gmail.
Open the message
you'd like to view
headers for.
Click the down
arrow next to
Reply, at the top of
the message pane.
Select Show
Original.
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Wednesday 29 June 2011
Ecommerce SoftwareSolution – 4 ThingsYour Shopping CartSoftware Should Offer
Your ecommerce
business can greatly
benefit from using
shopping cart software. In
fact today, without this
software, your business
could actually be losing
thousands of dollars in
sales.
In a nutshell, this online
solution serves both your
business and your
customers, and the value
it holds for your business
can be enormous,
depending upon which
features are available and
used. Since there are a
variety of options available
in today’s market place,
we have comprised a list
of important points that
you should look for with
your own customized
ecommerce software
solution.
Ecommerce Software
Features
1. Are all the security
features you need
included? It is vital that
your customers feel safe
and secure when they are
checking out on your
website. Fraud and
identity theft are a big
issue in today’s world, so
customers want their
information protected.
Security logos and
commonly known
security features will put
your customers at ease.
When purchasing
software, be sure that it
features several important
security aspects.
2. You need to be aware
of your current programs
and make sure your new
software will be
compatible. This is a very
important aspect to
purchasing shopping cart
software. You have
already invested your
time and money into
several other programs
so you want your new
software to work
correctly with your
current system. Simply
check and compare
different software to find a
match for your existing
programs. If your
software can work well
together your business
will be much more
efficient.
3. Customization of your
shopping cart pages is a
key point to look for when
purchasing software.
Personalizing cart pages is
a great feature to look for
in your shopping cart
software. You should be
able to edit the checkout
pages to feature your
business logo and other
information you may
want to include.
Customization of your site
will lead to a more
professional website.
4. The customer service
offered by your shopping
cart software is very
important. Check out the
customer service hours
for your software. If a
problem arises with your
software it will need to be
resolved quickly. If your
checkout software is
down, customers can not
purchase items and you
will lose sales. Explore the
customer service options
fully before purchasing
shopping cart software.
Lean more about
ecommerce software and
online shopping cart
solutions for your online
business, please visit:
http://
www.1AutomationWiz.
com or visit us at: http://
www.YouTube.com/1
AutomationWiz
business can greatly
benefit from using
shopping cart software. In
fact today, without this
software, your business
could actually be losing
thousands of dollars in
sales.
In a nutshell, this online
solution serves both your
business and your
customers, and the value
it holds for your business
can be enormous,
depending upon which
features are available and
used. Since there are a
variety of options available
in today’s market place,
we have comprised a list
of important points that
you should look for with
your own customized
ecommerce software
solution.
Ecommerce Software
Features
1. Are all the security
features you need
included? It is vital that
your customers feel safe
and secure when they are
checking out on your
website. Fraud and
identity theft are a big
issue in today’s world, so
customers want their
information protected.
Security logos and
commonly known
security features will put
your customers at ease.
When purchasing
software, be sure that it
features several important
security aspects.
2. You need to be aware
of your current programs
and make sure your new
software will be
compatible. This is a very
important aspect to
purchasing shopping cart
software. You have
already invested your
time and money into
several other programs
so you want your new
software to work
correctly with your
current system. Simply
check and compare
different software to find a
match for your existing
programs. If your
software can work well
together your business
will be much more
efficient.
3. Customization of your
shopping cart pages is a
key point to look for when
purchasing software.
Personalizing cart pages is
a great feature to look for
in your shopping cart
software. You should be
able to edit the checkout
pages to feature your
business logo and other
information you may
want to include.
Customization of your site
will lead to a more
professional website.
4. The customer service
offered by your shopping
cart software is very
important. Check out the
customer service hours
for your software. If a
problem arises with your
software it will need to be
resolved quickly. If your
checkout software is
down, customers can not
purchase items and you
will lose sales. Explore the
customer service options
fully before purchasing
shopping cart software.
Lean more about
ecommerce software and
online shopping cart
solutions for your online
business, please visit:
http://
www.1AutomationWiz.
com or visit us at: http://
www.YouTube.com/1
AutomationWiz
Ways to Install MobilePhone Software
The mobile phone
software is embedded in
the phone at the time of
production. It is also called
as firmware. A mobile’s
functions are limited to the
capacity of the firmware.
Each model of the phone
has a distinct firmware
that distinguishes it from
other models. The
technology of cell phones
manufactured by different
companies may also
vary. For example, Nokia
phones are based on
Symbian technology
while other phones may
be based on Java
technology.
Mobile phones can
facilitate the installation of
third party software.
Countless mobile phone
software are now readily
available. Some may be
free while others can be
bought. This software
caters to a variety of
interests, for example:
o Document viewers- to
see documents created on
MS Office and Adobe
Acrobat,
o Image viewers and
editors- to see and edit
pictures, and
o cell phone games for
entertainment
Mobile games comprise of
the majority of the mobile
phone software available.
The most commonly
used platforms for these
games are
Sun’s Java ME,
Qualcomm’s BREW,
Symbian OS, Windows
Mobile and Palm OS.
Installing Software
There are numerous sites
on the Internet from
where one can download
mobile phone software.
These files would either
have
o a “.sys” extension, to
denote a file which is
compatible with Symbian
devices, or
o a “.jar” or Java extension
which is compatible with
most of the cell phones.
One can download these
files either directly to the
cell phone, or to one’s
computer and then one
can transfer it to the
phone. The former
method may be very
expensive. In the latter
method, after
downloading the software
to your computer, you
can transfer it to your cell
phone in any one of the
following ways:
a) Through Infrared:
This is one of the simplest
ways to transfer a file
from a laptop to the
phone. Turn the infrared
port on. Position your cell
phone before the infrared
port. A screen will appear
wherein you have to
select the file to be sent
and click on the “Send”
button. Once you allow
the file to be received, it
will be transferred to your
phone in the form of an
SMS.
b) Through Bluetooth:
If both your phone and
computer are bluetooth
enabled, you just need to
select the mobile phone
software to be
transferred. Choose your
cell phone as the
destination for the file to
be sent to. Pair both the
devices and once the
connection is established
the file will be transferred
to your cell phone as an
SMS.
c) Through Data Cables:
You can send the file from
the computer to your
phone by using the data
cable provided by the
phone manufacturer.
Mobile phone software is
largely responsible for
increasing the scope of
cell phones.
Know more about the
basics concerning
downloading and
installation of mobile
phone software. Also visit
the following link to know
about the popular mobile
phone accessories.
software is embedded in
the phone at the time of
production. It is also called
as firmware. A mobile’s
functions are limited to the
capacity of the firmware.
Each model of the phone
has a distinct firmware
that distinguishes it from
other models. The
technology of cell phones
manufactured by different
companies may also
vary. For example, Nokia
phones are based on
Symbian technology
while other phones may
be based on Java
technology.
Mobile phones can
facilitate the installation of
third party software.
Countless mobile phone
software are now readily
available. Some may be
free while others can be
bought. This software
caters to a variety of
interests, for example:
o Document viewers- to
see documents created on
MS Office and Adobe
Acrobat,
o Image viewers and
editors- to see and edit
pictures, and
o cell phone games for
entertainment
Mobile games comprise of
the majority of the mobile
phone software available.
The most commonly
used platforms for these
games are
Sun’s Java ME,
Qualcomm’s BREW,
Symbian OS, Windows
Mobile and Palm OS.
Installing Software
There are numerous sites
on the Internet from
where one can download
mobile phone software.
These files would either
have
o a “.sys” extension, to
denote a file which is
compatible with Symbian
devices, or
o a “.jar” or Java extension
which is compatible with
most of the cell phones.
One can download these
files either directly to the
cell phone, or to one’s
computer and then one
can transfer it to the
phone. The former
method may be very
expensive. In the latter
method, after
downloading the software
to your computer, you
can transfer it to your cell
phone in any one of the
following ways:
a) Through Infrared:
This is one of the simplest
ways to transfer a file
from a laptop to the
phone. Turn the infrared
port on. Position your cell
phone before the infrared
port. A screen will appear
wherein you have to
select the file to be sent
and click on the “Send”
button. Once you allow
the file to be received, it
will be transferred to your
phone in the form of an
SMS.
b) Through Bluetooth:
If both your phone and
computer are bluetooth
enabled, you just need to
select the mobile phone
software to be
transferred. Choose your
cell phone as the
destination for the file to
be sent to. Pair both the
devices and once the
connection is established
the file will be transferred
to your cell phone as an
SMS.
c) Through Data Cables:
You can send the file from
the computer to your
phone by using the data
cable provided by the
phone manufacturer.
Mobile phone software is
largely responsible for
increasing the scope of
cell phones.
Know more about the
basics concerning
downloading and
installation of mobile
phone software. Also visit
the following link to know
about the popular mobile
phone accessories.
Features of RemoteAccess and the TopThree RemoteSolutions
The constant
developments in
information technology
are making remote access
easy no matter how far
you are from your
computer. Such
improvements in the IT
field are making life easy
for those relying on their
computer. These
wonderful features of
remote access are all
about providing a
connection between a
remote connection
between a remote
computer and a host, or
“server” computer.
Nowadays there are
thousands of brands
providing remote control
software for accessing
computers from far
away. Remote access can
also be called remote
desktop software and you
can find unique features
on certain remote control
software that has custom
modifications made in
accessing the remote
computer which is
serving as the host. These
modifications adjust the
software based on the
needs of the user(s).
Remote access features
help you to access
computers in India, Japan
or anywhere else from
America, Australia or
Ghana in a couple of
seconds. You can have
full control of the
computer based in India
while sitting in America.
Using PC remote access,
you will get features that
help you in sending and
receiving files, videos or
more. Most companies,
big or small in size, use
remote access in various
ways. One such method
is using PC remote access
application to save back
up data on a remote
server or workstation.
Another could be
providing technical
support to a client. Yet
another is to monitor
usage of computers
within a network or
computer lab. All of this
can be provided in a cost
efficient and safe way.
You can back up of any of
data on the remote server
that remains safe and
secure through
encryption tools provided
within the remote access
software.
Remote desktop software
is easy to download and
install on your computer.
You can install similar
remote control software
on your smartphone and
access the workstation
while on the road. Such
features help you to never
be without important
documents. Therefore,
even if you are out of
your home or office and if
you need to access an
important file, picture, or
video, you can get access
them through your
smartphone using the
remote control software
installed.
The top three remote
control software solutions
by functionality are
LogMeIn, Proxy
Networks, and
GoToMyPC, though there
are many other remote
access products available
on the internet. These
have a wide range of
features in them such as
sync transfer, user
friendly programs, fast
connections on slow
networks, security
programs, large file
sharing facilities, ease of
installation, cost-efficiency,
and many more features.
These provide remote
access quickly, which
means you can complete
your work without
waiting for loading times
or other distractions. The
most important reason
behind these products’
success is their strong
security functions and
safe transfer of data.
You need to be careful
when buying this type of
software, especially for
your business. There are
thousands of remote
control software products
available on the internet so
you need to make sure
you are getting a good
product. It is therefore
imperative that you to
fully understand what
your needs really are and
then to buy a product that
meets them in the best
way possible. The
purchase of branded and
highly-reputed remote
access software solutions
will help you avoid the
trouble of weeding
through technical details
and potential doubts of
unknown products.
Remote connection has a
lot of features and facilities
today which will get even
better over time.
This article was written by
Phillip Presley on behalf of
Proxy Networks. He
recommends you
consider Proxy Networks
for all your Remote
Computer, Remote
Desktop, and Remote
Connection needs
developments in
information technology
are making remote access
easy no matter how far
you are from your
computer. Such
improvements in the IT
field are making life easy
for those relying on their
computer. These
wonderful features of
remote access are all
about providing a
connection between a
remote connection
between a remote
computer and a host, or
“server” computer.
Nowadays there are
thousands of brands
providing remote control
software for accessing
computers from far
away. Remote access can
also be called remote
desktop software and you
can find unique features
on certain remote control
software that has custom
modifications made in
accessing the remote
computer which is
serving as the host. These
modifications adjust the
software based on the
needs of the user(s).
Remote access features
help you to access
computers in India, Japan
or anywhere else from
America, Australia or
Ghana in a couple of
seconds. You can have
full control of the
computer based in India
while sitting in America.
Using PC remote access,
you will get features that
help you in sending and
receiving files, videos or
more. Most companies,
big or small in size, use
remote access in various
ways. One such method
is using PC remote access
application to save back
up data on a remote
server or workstation.
Another could be
providing technical
support to a client. Yet
another is to monitor
usage of computers
within a network or
computer lab. All of this
can be provided in a cost
efficient and safe way.
You can back up of any of
data on the remote server
that remains safe and
secure through
encryption tools provided
within the remote access
software.
Remote desktop software
is easy to download and
install on your computer.
You can install similar
remote control software
on your smartphone and
access the workstation
while on the road. Such
features help you to never
be without important
documents. Therefore,
even if you are out of
your home or office and if
you need to access an
important file, picture, or
video, you can get access
them through your
smartphone using the
remote control software
installed.
The top three remote
control software solutions
by functionality are
LogMeIn, Proxy
Networks, and
GoToMyPC, though there
are many other remote
access products available
on the internet. These
have a wide range of
features in them such as
sync transfer, user
friendly programs, fast
connections on slow
networks, security
programs, large file
sharing facilities, ease of
installation, cost-efficiency,
and many more features.
These provide remote
access quickly, which
means you can complete
your work without
waiting for loading times
or other distractions. The
most important reason
behind these products’
success is their strong
security functions and
safe transfer of data.
You need to be careful
when buying this type of
software, especially for
your business. There are
thousands of remote
control software products
available on the internet so
you need to make sure
you are getting a good
product. It is therefore
imperative that you to
fully understand what
your needs really are and
then to buy a product that
meets them in the best
way possible. The
purchase of branded and
highly-reputed remote
access software solutions
will help you avoid the
trouble of weeding
through technical details
and potential doubts of
unknown products.
Remote connection has a
lot of features and facilities
today which will get even
better over time.
This article was written by
Phillip Presley on behalf of
Proxy Networks. He
recommends you
consider Proxy Networks
for all your Remote
Computer, Remote
Desktop, and Remote
Connection needs
Why You Should Use anOnline Event SoftwareSolution to ManageYour CPD Programme
In the past, event
software wouldn’t have
been the first choice for
those looking for an online
CPD management
solution. However, with
event software solutions
evolving and aligning their
development with the
constant changing
requirements of the
events industry, it has
now become a viable
option for those wishing
to manage their CPD
programmes online. The
flexible and versatile
architecture of online
event solutions now
enables you to manage all
aspects of your members
continued professional
development with ease.
Managing Your
Professional Members
Online
At the heart of all CPD
programmes are the
professional individuals
that attend them. These
are members from
professional accredited
bodies, such as law,
accounting, HR, teachers,
nurses, counsellors etc.
Therefore the
implementation of the
right online event
software solution will not
only ensure the
professional member
attends the right courses
and workshops but it will
also:
Increase their competence
and skill set
Allow them to be
competitive in the
employment market
Show commitment to
future employers
Show your commitment
to them
Avoid them becoming
stagnant
Bring a new and exciting
personal and professional
challenge to them
Online CPD Event Web
Portal
To ensure your
professional members
capture relevant
knowledge and practical
benefits from your
courses you need to
ensure they are being
managed efficiently.
Having the ability to
capture an individual’s
personal professional
development growth
online will show how
committed you are to the
members’ continued self
development,
improvement and
growth.
Implementing an online
event solution with a
comprehensive web
portal feature will allow
professional members to
access their personal data
from any location at any
time. They would have
the ability to record their
own careers goals, plan
activities, analyse their
history, reflect on their
progress and view all
possible and relevant
professional growth
courses and workshops
available to them. The
professional member then
has the option to simply
confirm and register their
attendance online based
on their professional
growth requirements,
enabling them to develop
and create their own web-
based personal
development plan.
Communicating with your
Members
Everyone’s growth and
skill set is different, so the
implementation of an
online event solution must
provide you with the right
communication tools,
ensuring you send
focused and targeted
communications to your
professional members.
Understanding what
method of
communication best suits
them is key to their
growth and development.
An online event solution
will allow communication
via the following channels:
Email
Post
SMS
Social networking sites
Surveys
Through an online event
solution you are able to
manage your professional
member’s
communication
preference which enables
you to monitor and
administer what you have
communicated and by
what communication
method, therefore
enhancing your overall
business and
communication strategy.
Feedback on the
workshops and training
courses is vital and having
the ability to send surveys
either online or offline will
greatly enhance the
continued development
and improvement of your
CPD courses/programme.
Online Registration Feature
Having the feature which
allows your professional
members to view and
select relevant CPD
courses is further
enhanced with the
implementation of an
online event software
solution. They can view a
list of relevant workshops
and the accredited points
associated with each
module allowing them to
register for the workshop,
with just one click and
immediately updating the
member’s activity and
history.
By utilising the online
event solution’s
customisable booking
form you are able to
amend the registration
journey and capture
different member
information for each
workshop/course. The
trainer/advisor of the
workshop/course will also
be able to view who is
attending their workshop,
their skill set and any
other relevant information
captured during the
booking process. This will
ensure the trainer is able
to correctly focus their
development workshop
Online Reporting Services
With all this clean, current
and accurate data on your
professional members
what are you now going
to do with it? Reporting
and analysis for any
organisation is vital. Event
software gives you the
ability to run reports
based on your bespoke
reporting and analysis
requirements such as:
How many members
have registered for “X”
course?
Has the member accrued
the relevant number of
points to attend this
workshop?
This ensures you are
communicating with your
members properly,
managing their
professional development
efficiently and ensuring
you are aligned with your
overall business strategy.
Taking the time to select
and invest in an online
event software solution
will enhance your
management of
professional development;
ensuring your members
keep their skills up to date,
strengthen their
professional credibility,
enhance their skill set and
significantly increase job
satisfaction.
For more information on
our online event solution,
talk to evocos. In the past
year alone evocos event
management solution has
created over 7000 events/
workshops & training
courses and managed
approximately 75,000
delegates/members and
has taken over 50,000
online bookings.
Incorporating integrated
reporting and analysis
tools as well as social
media, email marketing,
website integration,
registration, online
payment, badge
production, resource
management and event
surveys, evocos is one of
the most comprehensive
online event CPD
management software
solutions on the market
today.
The evocos event
software team ensures
you are able to seamlessly
manage your events;
gaining huge cost and
efficiency benefits.
software wouldn’t have
been the first choice for
those looking for an online
CPD management
solution. However, with
event software solutions
evolving and aligning their
development with the
constant changing
requirements of the
events industry, it has
now become a viable
option for those wishing
to manage their CPD
programmes online. The
flexible and versatile
architecture of online
event solutions now
enables you to manage all
aspects of your members
continued professional
development with ease.
Managing Your
Professional Members
Online
At the heart of all CPD
programmes are the
professional individuals
that attend them. These
are members from
professional accredited
bodies, such as law,
accounting, HR, teachers,
nurses, counsellors etc.
Therefore the
implementation of the
right online event
software solution will not
only ensure the
professional member
attends the right courses
and workshops but it will
also:
Increase their competence
and skill set
Allow them to be
competitive in the
employment market
Show commitment to
future employers
Show your commitment
to them
Avoid them becoming
stagnant
Bring a new and exciting
personal and professional
challenge to them
Online CPD Event Web
Portal
To ensure your
professional members
capture relevant
knowledge and practical
benefits from your
courses you need to
ensure they are being
managed efficiently.
Having the ability to
capture an individual’s
personal professional
development growth
online will show how
committed you are to the
members’ continued self
development,
improvement and
growth.
Implementing an online
event solution with a
comprehensive web
portal feature will allow
professional members to
access their personal data
from any location at any
time. They would have
the ability to record their
own careers goals, plan
activities, analyse their
history, reflect on their
progress and view all
possible and relevant
professional growth
courses and workshops
available to them. The
professional member then
has the option to simply
confirm and register their
attendance online based
on their professional
growth requirements,
enabling them to develop
and create their own web-
based personal
development plan.
Communicating with your
Members
Everyone’s growth and
skill set is different, so the
implementation of an
online event solution must
provide you with the right
communication tools,
ensuring you send
focused and targeted
communications to your
professional members.
Understanding what
method of
communication best suits
them is key to their
growth and development.
An online event solution
will allow communication
via the following channels:
Post
SMS
Social networking sites
Surveys
Through an online event
solution you are able to
manage your professional
member’s
communication
preference which enables
you to monitor and
administer what you have
communicated and by
what communication
method, therefore
enhancing your overall
business and
communication strategy.
Feedback on the
workshops and training
courses is vital and having
the ability to send surveys
either online or offline will
greatly enhance the
continued development
and improvement of your
CPD courses/programme.
Online Registration Feature
Having the feature which
allows your professional
members to view and
select relevant CPD
courses is further
enhanced with the
implementation of an
online event software
solution. They can view a
list of relevant workshops
and the accredited points
associated with each
module allowing them to
register for the workshop,
with just one click and
immediately updating the
member’s activity and
history.
By utilising the online
event solution’s
customisable booking
form you are able to
amend the registration
journey and capture
different member
information for each
workshop/course. The
trainer/advisor of the
workshop/course will also
be able to view who is
attending their workshop,
their skill set and any
other relevant information
captured during the
booking process. This will
ensure the trainer is able
to correctly focus their
development workshop
Online Reporting Services
With all this clean, current
and accurate data on your
professional members
what are you now going
to do with it? Reporting
and analysis for any
organisation is vital. Event
software gives you the
ability to run reports
based on your bespoke
reporting and analysis
requirements such as:
How many members
have registered for “X”
course?
Has the member accrued
the relevant number of
points to attend this
workshop?
This ensures you are
communicating with your
members properly,
managing their
professional development
efficiently and ensuring
you are aligned with your
overall business strategy.
Taking the time to select
and invest in an online
event software solution
will enhance your
management of
professional development;
ensuring your members
keep their skills up to date,
strengthen their
professional credibility,
enhance their skill set and
significantly increase job
satisfaction.
For more information on
our online event solution,
talk to evocos. In the past
year alone evocos event
management solution has
created over 7000 events/
workshops & training
courses and managed
approximately 75,000
delegates/members and
has taken over 50,000
online bookings.
Incorporating integrated
reporting and analysis
tools as well as social
media, email marketing,
website integration,
registration, online
payment, badge
production, resource
management and event
surveys, evocos is one of
the most comprehensive
online event CPD
management software
solutions on the market
today.
The evocos event
software team ensures
you are able to seamlessly
manage your events;
gaining huge cost and
efficiency benefits.
Ground BreakingSoftware Solution ForSeamless Shipping
Business operations in
today’s interconnected
market has evolved
significantly. With the
rising international and
commercial trade,
tracking incoming and
outgoing goods from
different locations has
proven to be a challenging
task for a lot of
businesses. In order to
achieve harmonized
shipping operations, good
shipping software is
required.
A reliable shipping
software solution
seamlessly merges into
your business’ processes
and work flow. The goal
for using such software is
to automate all labor
intensive functions as
much as possible.
In the shipping industry,
there is a need for a
flexible solution that can
efficiently aid in managing
and overseeing shipping
functions with the use of
the Internet. A unified
administration system
controls cargo flow
management from a
central location which
offers the capability to
control agents, vessels,
and equipments. All
involved parties are able
to trace the shipment’s
movements in real-time.
What is important about a
shipping software solution
is that it can be tailored to
automate existing
procedures and provide
built in best practices at
the same time. You can
enforce selected modules
that conforms to your
shipping needs regardless
if you are a large container
carrier or a local feeder
operator. If the company
wants to improve the
utilization of their existing
container stock, an off-
the-shelf equipment
control system will come
with built in modules for
container tracking,
container forecasting, turn
around analysis, lease
management, and
demurrage detention
billing.
The use of a voyage
calculation software will
provide complete control
over voyage revenues
and expenses to maximize
profitability. It will
automatically calculate
voyage and port cost
related fees and expenses
and reconcile supplier
invoices against actual
volumes and agreed
supplier tariffs. This will
avoid costly mistakes and
helps to ensure an
integrated information
flow between operations
and accounts payable.
Shipping software
provides features that will
allow shipping companies
to automate processes
that have been hard to
control and that still rely
mainly on manual
procedures. An all-in-one
system ensures that all
the important operational
elements in this industry
are managed in the most
efficient way. The primary
objective of having
shipping software in place
is to have a completely
organized shipping
process that increases
productivity and reduces
operational expenses. The
complexity of
transportation processes
to and from any part of
the world should be
reduced considerably for
greater ROI. Shipping
software solutions help in
achieving excellent
customer service as well
as streamline operations.
With adaptable off-the-
shelf solutions accessible
to gain competitive edge,
it is vital for shipping
agencies and shipping
companies to utilize
modern software
technology in their daily
business.
Matthew Harman
recommends you to visit
www.softship.com for an
in-depth understanding of
shipping software and its
benefits.
today’s interconnected
market has evolved
significantly. With the
rising international and
commercial trade,
tracking incoming and
outgoing goods from
different locations has
proven to be a challenging
task for a lot of
businesses. In order to
achieve harmonized
shipping operations, good
shipping software is
required.
A reliable shipping
software solution
seamlessly merges into
your business’ processes
and work flow. The goal
for using such software is
to automate all labor
intensive functions as
much as possible.
In the shipping industry,
there is a need for a
flexible solution that can
efficiently aid in managing
and overseeing shipping
functions with the use of
the Internet. A unified
administration system
controls cargo flow
management from a
central location which
offers the capability to
control agents, vessels,
and equipments. All
involved parties are able
to trace the shipment’s
movements in real-time.
What is important about a
shipping software solution
is that it can be tailored to
automate existing
procedures and provide
built in best practices at
the same time. You can
enforce selected modules
that conforms to your
shipping needs regardless
if you are a large container
carrier or a local feeder
operator. If the company
wants to improve the
utilization of their existing
container stock, an off-
the-shelf equipment
control system will come
with built in modules for
container tracking,
container forecasting, turn
around analysis, lease
management, and
demurrage detention
billing.
The use of a voyage
calculation software will
provide complete control
over voyage revenues
and expenses to maximize
profitability. It will
automatically calculate
voyage and port cost
related fees and expenses
and reconcile supplier
invoices against actual
volumes and agreed
supplier tariffs. This will
avoid costly mistakes and
helps to ensure an
integrated information
flow between operations
and accounts payable.
Shipping software
provides features that will
allow shipping companies
to automate processes
that have been hard to
control and that still rely
mainly on manual
procedures. An all-in-one
system ensures that all
the important operational
elements in this industry
are managed in the most
efficient way. The primary
objective of having
shipping software in place
is to have a completely
organized shipping
process that increases
productivity and reduces
operational expenses. The
complexity of
transportation processes
to and from any part of
the world should be
reduced considerably for
greater ROI. Shipping
software solutions help in
achieving excellent
customer service as well
as streamline operations.
With adaptable off-the-
shelf solutions accessible
to gain competitive edge,
it is vital for shipping
agencies and shipping
companies to utilize
modern software
technology in their daily
business.
Matthew Harman
recommends you to visit
www.softship.com for an
in-depth understanding of
shipping software and its
benefits.
Payroll SoftwareSolutions – Is itRequired by a SmallScale Business?
A bigger enterprise is a
certain dream of every
businessperson.
Irrespective of the scale of
operation, there is always
a deep desire to take the
business to the next level.
There are many factors
responsible for the
growth of an
organization. Some of
these factors would look
mysteriously
unimportant, but can
have sizable contribution
in the long run.
For instance, there are
many small business
owners who do not feel
the need to acquire a
software package to deal
with their payroll matters.
It’s hard to believe that the
boring calculations still
have a profound place in
these organizations.
Without a payroll
software solution, these
companies do not have a
choice, but to devote
several hours on this
taxing task. Unfortunately,
since human errors are
evident, the final results
may not always be
satisfactory. These erotic
calculations are difficult to
mend, and are a certain
troublesome factor for
both the employees as
well as the government.
However, if you manage
to get a good payroll
software solution as per
the needs of your
company, then you are
certainly making sure that
your business is running
on a smooth road.
These payroll software
products are easy to use,
and can save you
truckloads of hours
usually required for the
payroll task. It’s a wise
move to consider, instead
of hiring a third person or
a company to maintain
your books. All you need
to do is to figure out a
good payroll software
program which contains
all the desired features
required by you, and then
install it.
There are several benefits
which one enjoy with a
payroll software program.
First and foremost, you
will not to worry about
your sensitive data falling
into wrong hands. With
an onetime fee, you save
yourself from the risk of
data misuse.
A good payroll package
will automatically calculate
all the required figures
such as the employee’s
salary, taxes, deductions,
refund etc. Once this
information is calculation
on its own, you are left
with the only task of
printing the payroll checks
for distribution.
Before you lay your
hands on a payroll
software package, you
need to make sure that
you are dealing with a
reputable company which
has a solid background.
Search for companies
which are willing to offer a
free trial or demo before
you shave off your hard
earned money. The
payroll software company
should necessarily have a
good customer support
system in place so that
they cater to your
problems, whenever the
need arises. The best part
is that there are many
payroll software
companies which do not
hesitate from offering
periodic updates of their
product, absolutely free of
cost. This periodic update
will prove to be extremely
helpful, if there are any
changes in the tax plan or
similar situations.
The right software will
work like a charm for
your business. It will help
you keep in pace with the
changes your business
incorporates from time to
time. Since you will be
able to save loads of time
with this software, these
resourceful hours can be
used for other fruitful
purposes.
Eventually, your business
will flourish!
A good time and
attendance solution can
help a medium sized
business save money on
poor workforce
management, payroll
software management
practices and fraudulent
staff record keeping.
certain dream of every
businessperson.
Irrespective of the scale of
operation, there is always
a deep desire to take the
business to the next level.
There are many factors
responsible for the
growth of an
organization. Some of
these factors would look
mysteriously
unimportant, but can
have sizable contribution
in the long run.
For instance, there are
many small business
owners who do not feel
the need to acquire a
software package to deal
with their payroll matters.
It’s hard to believe that the
boring calculations still
have a profound place in
these organizations.
Without a payroll
software solution, these
companies do not have a
choice, but to devote
several hours on this
taxing task. Unfortunately,
since human errors are
evident, the final results
may not always be
satisfactory. These erotic
calculations are difficult to
mend, and are a certain
troublesome factor for
both the employees as
well as the government.
However, if you manage
to get a good payroll
software solution as per
the needs of your
company, then you are
certainly making sure that
your business is running
on a smooth road.
These payroll software
products are easy to use,
and can save you
truckloads of hours
usually required for the
payroll task. It’s a wise
move to consider, instead
of hiring a third person or
a company to maintain
your books. All you need
to do is to figure out a
good payroll software
program which contains
all the desired features
required by you, and then
install it.
There are several benefits
which one enjoy with a
payroll software program.
First and foremost, you
will not to worry about
your sensitive data falling
into wrong hands. With
an onetime fee, you save
yourself from the risk of
data misuse.
A good payroll package
will automatically calculate
all the required figures
such as the employee’s
salary, taxes, deductions,
refund etc. Once this
information is calculation
on its own, you are left
with the only task of
printing the payroll checks
for distribution.
Before you lay your
hands on a payroll
software package, you
need to make sure that
you are dealing with a
reputable company which
has a solid background.
Search for companies
which are willing to offer a
free trial or demo before
you shave off your hard
earned money. The
payroll software company
should necessarily have a
good customer support
system in place so that
they cater to your
problems, whenever the
need arises. The best part
is that there are many
payroll software
companies which do not
hesitate from offering
periodic updates of their
product, absolutely free of
cost. This periodic update
will prove to be extremely
helpful, if there are any
changes in the tax plan or
similar situations.
The right software will
work like a charm for
your business. It will help
you keep in pace with the
changes your business
incorporates from time to
time. Since you will be
able to save loads of time
with this software, these
resourceful hours can be
used for other fruitful
purposes.
Eventually, your business
will flourish!
A good time and
attendance solution can
help a medium sized
business save money on
poor workforce
management, payroll
software management
practices and fraudulent
staff record keeping.
Call Recording –Hardware Solutions VSSoftware Solutions forRecording Phone Calls
In today’s society, just
about anyone can find
numerous benefits from
recording phone
conversations. With the
changing ways and
working habits of today,
call recording has almost
become a requirement for
professionals. The
concept of call recording
is not just for the business
world; even private
individuals find they need
access to this technology
for personal use. There
are two options to
consider when in search
for a good call recording
solution. The choice has
to be made between a
hardware-based solution
and a software-based
solution.
Conventionally, hardware
devices have been used to
record phone
conversations. The most
common type has been
the tape based recorder
and has been around
since tape storage was
introduced. Its primary
benefit has been the ability
to record phone
conversations, especially
the important ones that
cannot be missed.
However, the limited
storage capacity can be a
major disadvantage. The
amount that can be
recorded is limited by the
storage capacity of the
physical tape. This is true
of all call recording
hardware. The capacity of
storage is limited by the
resources manufactured
within the hardware,
especially when it comes
to digital recording
devices.
However, call recording
software is invaluable
because it offers the ability
to record phone
conversations, without
the storage limitations of
traditional devices. The
recordings are then
converted to a
downloadable format for
convenience.
Call recording software is
great for recording phone
calls for:
Business calls
Interviews
Domestic disputes
Journalists and reporters
Attorneys
Law enforcement
Insurance brokers
Financial agents
Many more
Also, because the call is in
digital format, with the
right software, the
conversation can be
amplified, equalized or
even slowed down to get
a clearer understanding of
what was covered.
A good software solution
makes it possible for
professionals to talk to
clients or conduct
interviews using cell
phones to review them
later or store for record
keeping. With the
invention of high-tech
gadgets with internet
capabilities, just about any
mobile device can be used
to save conversations.
Unlike a hardware
solution, one won’t need
separate equipment for
storage purposes. All
recordings are housed on
safe and secure servers
that can be accessed
anytime, anywhere.
Also, when using call
recording software, one
doesn’t have to purchase
additional equipment in
order to record phone
conversations. Both
incoming and outgoing
calls can be recorded
anytime and anywhere.
Imagine the comfort, ease
and versatility combined
in a single package; your
cell phone and call
recording software.
RecordiaPro is the leader
in providing call recording
solutions for those people
who conduct interviews
regularly or those who
need to review recorded
conversations for
business purposes or
record keeping. High
quality recorded phone
conversations can be
downloaded effortlessly in
MP3 format.
Another important point
to consider is the support
offered by a software
based solution.
RecordiaPro has people
standing by to answer
any question that might
come up so that
important conversations
are not missed.
Customers are constantly
amazed with this ground
breaking innovation and
amazing support only
available from
RecordiaPro.
Now that there is a clear
understanding between
the different call recording
solutions, get started with
the best solution for
recording phone
conversations. Visit us to
learn about the best way
to record cell phones.
about anyone can find
numerous benefits from
recording phone
conversations. With the
changing ways and
working habits of today,
call recording has almost
become a requirement for
professionals. The
concept of call recording
is not just for the business
world; even private
individuals find they need
access to this technology
for personal use. There
are two options to
consider when in search
for a good call recording
solution. The choice has
to be made between a
hardware-based solution
and a software-based
solution.
Conventionally, hardware
devices have been used to
record phone
conversations. The most
common type has been
the tape based recorder
and has been around
since tape storage was
introduced. Its primary
benefit has been the ability
to record phone
conversations, especially
the important ones that
cannot be missed.
However, the limited
storage capacity can be a
major disadvantage. The
amount that can be
recorded is limited by the
storage capacity of the
physical tape. This is true
of all call recording
hardware. The capacity of
storage is limited by the
resources manufactured
within the hardware,
especially when it comes
to digital recording
devices.
However, call recording
software is invaluable
because it offers the ability
to record phone
conversations, without
the storage limitations of
traditional devices. The
recordings are then
converted to a
downloadable format for
convenience.
Call recording software is
great for recording phone
calls for:
Business calls
Interviews
Domestic disputes
Journalists and reporters
Attorneys
Law enforcement
Insurance brokers
Financial agents
Many more
Also, because the call is in
digital format, with the
right software, the
conversation can be
amplified, equalized or
even slowed down to get
a clearer understanding of
what was covered.
A good software solution
makes it possible for
professionals to talk to
clients or conduct
interviews using cell
phones to review them
later or store for record
keeping. With the
invention of high-tech
gadgets with internet
capabilities, just about any
mobile device can be used
to save conversations.
Unlike a hardware
solution, one won’t need
separate equipment for
storage purposes. All
recordings are housed on
safe and secure servers
that can be accessed
anytime, anywhere.
Also, when using call
recording software, one
doesn’t have to purchase
additional equipment in
order to record phone
conversations. Both
incoming and outgoing
calls can be recorded
anytime and anywhere.
Imagine the comfort, ease
and versatility combined
in a single package; your
cell phone and call
recording software.
RecordiaPro is the leader
in providing call recording
solutions for those people
who conduct interviews
regularly or those who
need to review recorded
conversations for
business purposes or
record keeping. High
quality recorded phone
conversations can be
downloaded effortlessly in
MP3 format.
Another important point
to consider is the support
offered by a software
based solution.
RecordiaPro has people
standing by to answer
any question that might
come up so that
important conversations
are not missed.
Customers are constantly
amazed with this ground
breaking innovation and
amazing support only
available from
RecordiaPro.
Now that there is a clear
understanding between
the different call recording
solutions, get started with
the best solution for
recording phone
conversations. Visit us to
learn about the best way
to record cell phones.
How To Use iPadTransfer Software
If you have recently got
hold of your very own
iPad then you are
probably feeling
immensely proud of
yourself. There is no
denying that the iPad has
revolutionized the digital
entertainment industry. It
is no surprise to now see
many different computer
manufacturers scrambling
to release their own tablet
PCs. To get the most out
of your device you will
need to get hold of iPad
transfer software.
The iPad’s 9.7 inch high
resolution screen make it
the perfect choice for
watching TV shows, HD
movies, music videos,
podcasts, and more. If
you have a large collection
of interesting videos you
would like to watch on
your iPad you will first of
all need to ensure they are
in a suitable format and
only then attempt to
transfer the data to your
device.
To transfer any files from
your iPod, iPhone, Mac,
or other device to your
iPad and vice versa will
require the use of
specialized software. This
can be downloaded from
the Apple store or
through other sites. The
installation process is
straightforward and
before you know it you
can have complete
harmonization between all
your Apple devices.
One of the most popular
options in this field is
called iPad files transfer. If
you have an iPod then
you will be able to transfer
files between this and
your iPad with the
minimal of effort and in
almost instant time. By
using authentic software
the task will be easy and
secure. Even those of us
with limited technological
knowledge should not
have too much difficulty.
Once the software has
been installed all you then
need to do is locate the
files you want to transfer
and then click a button to
start the process. You can
also send documents and
files from your iPad to
your PC using the same
application, but to do this
you will need to highlight
the files in question and
then choose the option of
export to disk.
If you have a Mac as
opposed to a regular PC
you should choose
software that is
compatible. As both Mac
computers and iPads are
made by Apple you
should have no difficulty
in connecting the two
together and sending files
back and forth.
It truly is amazing the
way technology has
changed in just a short
space of time. Even a few
years ago the idea of an
iPad would have seemed
like a far off dream. Now
you can have full
connectivity between all
your digital devices with
iPad transfer software.
Check out the latest free
iPad transfer software at
http://www.appcraft.org,
only with this apps, all
these needs can be met.
hold of your very own
iPad then you are
probably feeling
immensely proud of
yourself. There is no
denying that the iPad has
revolutionized the digital
entertainment industry. It
is no surprise to now see
many different computer
manufacturers scrambling
to release their own tablet
PCs. To get the most out
of your device you will
need to get hold of iPad
transfer software.
The iPad’s 9.7 inch high
resolution screen make it
the perfect choice for
watching TV shows, HD
movies, music videos,
podcasts, and more. If
you have a large collection
of interesting videos you
would like to watch on
your iPad you will first of
all need to ensure they are
in a suitable format and
only then attempt to
transfer the data to your
device.
To transfer any files from
your iPod, iPhone, Mac,
or other device to your
iPad and vice versa will
require the use of
specialized software. This
can be downloaded from
the Apple store or
through other sites. The
installation process is
straightforward and
before you know it you
can have complete
harmonization between all
your Apple devices.
One of the most popular
options in this field is
called iPad files transfer. If
you have an iPod then
you will be able to transfer
files between this and
your iPad with the
minimal of effort and in
almost instant time. By
using authentic software
the task will be easy and
secure. Even those of us
with limited technological
knowledge should not
have too much difficulty.
Once the software has
been installed all you then
need to do is locate the
files you want to transfer
and then click a button to
start the process. You can
also send documents and
files from your iPad to
your PC using the same
application, but to do this
you will need to highlight
the files in question and
then choose the option of
export to disk.
If you have a Mac as
opposed to a regular PC
you should choose
software that is
compatible. As both Mac
computers and iPads are
made by Apple you
should have no difficulty
in connecting the two
together and sending files
back and forth.
It truly is amazing the
way technology has
changed in just a short
space of time. Even a few
years ago the idea of an
iPad would have seemed
like a far off dream. Now
you can have full
connectivity between all
your digital devices with
iPad transfer software.
Check out the latest free
iPad transfer software at
http://www.appcraft.org,
only with this apps, all
these needs can be met.
What Can Remote PCAccess Software DoFor You?
Although it may sound
like something out of a
futuristic science fiction
movie, having a remote
PC access software
program isn’t nearly as
intimidating as it sounds.
As a matter of fact, it’s
actually easy to
understand and even
simpler to use, depending
on the software that you
decide on.
Basically, the phrase
‘remote PC access’ refers
to the idea of being able to
use your computer
(desktop, laptop, work
computer) from a
different location. For
example, let’s say that
you’re working on a big
project at work and you’d
like to have access to your
work computer when
you go home. Well, by
using remote PC access
software you’d be able to
do just that. Once you
installed the software on
your work computer, you
could be at your desktop
(or laptop) computer at
home, and once you
logged in it would feel as if
you were looking at the
screen of your work
computer!
And with the
sophistication of today’s
remote pc access
software, you don’t have
to settle for just checking
your email. When you’re
sitting at home and
accessing your computer
at work, you not only
have access to your
email, but you can use the
same files, folders,
documents, network
resources, and even the
computer programs that
are on your work
computer.
And this doesn’t just
apply to using your work
computer from home.
Suppose you’re going on
vacation and you’re
bringing your laptop with
you, but what you really
need is access to your
desktop at home. You
could use a memory stick
and try to download
everything you’ll need
from your desktop to
your laptop, but this can
very tedious. Not only
does it eat up a lot of
memory on your laptop,
but you have to almost
go through the process
again when you get home
and delete all that data
from your laptop so that it
isn’t bogged down with all
of the programs from
your desktop.
And here’s the other
problem with
downloading the
information that you think
you’ll need onto your
laptop. What happens
when you remember to
download 99% of
everything that you need
and forget that one little
file or document that is
crucial to you finishing the
work that you wanted? I’ll
tell you what happens:
everything comes to a
screeching halt! And you
have to wait until you are
physically in front of your
desktop at home again so
you can use that forgotten
file or document.
This entire process of
‘downloading-
transferring- uploading-
deleting’ can be
completely avoided,
though. Because if you’ve
already installed the
software on your home
computer (typically a two
minute process) then
whether you’re a hundred
miles away or a few
thousand miles away on
vacation, it doesn’t matter.
You’ll have complete
access to your home
computer without any of
the hassles of
remembering,
downloading or uploading
anything. The only thing
you have to remember is
your log on code (and
maybe your airplane
tickets if you’re traveling
far away) and you’re
ready to go.
The remote PC access
software gives you all the
convenience and
availability of your favorite
computer without any of
the hassles of copying
files, documents or
programs. It literally is like
carrying your favorite
computer around with
you in your pocket!
Although there are several
different types of remote
PC access software
programs out there, there
are three characteristics
that every good remote
PC program should have.
(If the remote pc access
program you’re
purchasing is missing any
one of these three
characteristics, then run
as fast as you can away
from this software)! To
find out what these three
characteristics are, go to
Remote PC Access
Software
like something out of a
futuristic science fiction
movie, having a remote
PC access software
program isn’t nearly as
intimidating as it sounds.
As a matter of fact, it’s
actually easy to
understand and even
simpler to use, depending
on the software that you
decide on.
Basically, the phrase
‘remote PC access’ refers
to the idea of being able to
use your computer
(desktop, laptop, work
computer) from a
different location. For
example, let’s say that
you’re working on a big
project at work and you’d
like to have access to your
work computer when
you go home. Well, by
using remote PC access
software you’d be able to
do just that. Once you
installed the software on
your work computer, you
could be at your desktop
(or laptop) computer at
home, and once you
logged in it would feel as if
you were looking at the
screen of your work
computer!
And with the
sophistication of today’s
remote pc access
software, you don’t have
to settle for just checking
your email. When you’re
sitting at home and
accessing your computer
at work, you not only
have access to your
email, but you can use the
same files, folders,
documents, network
resources, and even the
computer programs that
are on your work
computer.
And this doesn’t just
apply to using your work
computer from home.
Suppose you’re going on
vacation and you’re
bringing your laptop with
you, but what you really
need is access to your
desktop at home. You
could use a memory stick
and try to download
everything you’ll need
from your desktop to
your laptop, but this can
very tedious. Not only
does it eat up a lot of
memory on your laptop,
but you have to almost
go through the process
again when you get home
and delete all that data
from your laptop so that it
isn’t bogged down with all
of the programs from
your desktop.
And here’s the other
problem with
downloading the
information that you think
you’ll need onto your
laptop. What happens
when you remember to
download 99% of
everything that you need
and forget that one little
file or document that is
crucial to you finishing the
work that you wanted? I’ll
tell you what happens:
everything comes to a
screeching halt! And you
have to wait until you are
physically in front of your
desktop at home again so
you can use that forgotten
file or document.
This entire process of
‘downloading-
transferring- uploading-
deleting’ can be
completely avoided,
though. Because if you’ve
already installed the
software on your home
computer (typically a two
minute process) then
whether you’re a hundred
miles away or a few
thousand miles away on
vacation, it doesn’t matter.
You’ll have complete
access to your home
computer without any of
the hassles of
remembering,
downloading or uploading
anything. The only thing
you have to remember is
your log on code (and
maybe your airplane
tickets if you’re traveling
far away) and you’re
ready to go.
The remote PC access
software gives you all the
convenience and
availability of your favorite
computer without any of
the hassles of copying
files, documents or
programs. It literally is like
carrying your favorite
computer around with
you in your pocket!
Although there are several
different types of remote
PC access software
programs out there, there
are three characteristics
that every good remote
PC program should have.
(If the remote pc access
program you’re
purchasing is missing any
one of these three
characteristics, then run
as fast as you can away
from this software)! To
find out what these three
characteristics are, go to
Remote PC Access
Software
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